Steam turbine



K. BAUMANN.

n STEAM TURBINE. Q APPLICATIONy FILED Aue. l1. 1.920.

.Patented Feb. 7, 1922.

8 SHEETS-SHEET l.

r @am ATTORNEY 'K. BAUMANN.

STEAM TURBINE.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. I7, 1.920.

1,405,564, Patented Feb. 7, 1922 8 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

INVENTOR A'TTORNEV STEAM Tunamf. APPLICATION FILED AUG-171 1 920.

Pana Feb. 7, 1922.

a SHEETS-suur 3.

ATTMY K. BAUMANN. STEAM TURBINE.

" APPLICATION FILED AUG. 17. |920.

1,405,564, y Patented m7, 192x s SHEETS-SHEET 4.

INVENTOR ATTORNEY K. BAUNIANN.-

STEAAM TURBINE. APPLICATION HLED vAue.17. 1920.

Patenten Feb. 7, 1922.

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Ilflllbl llllllwlqIlJlllll Il IIIIIIIIIJ NHNHIHHUH Il'llll Ill INVENTOR ATT ORN EY K. BA-UMAN N.

Y STEAM TURBINE.

APP LICATION FILED AUG- 17, 1920.

Patented Feb. 7, 1922.

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g 1 11 J1 III/1 4 ,11111 1/ INVENTOR ATTORNEY K. BAUMANN.

sTEAMwTuRBlNE.

APFLlCATION FILED AUG. 17 1920.

Patented Feb. 7, 1922.

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INVENTOR ATTORNEY UNITED -sTATEs PATENT oFFlcE.

KARL BAUMANN, OF URMSTON, ENGLAND, ASSIGNOR TO THE BRITISH WESTING- HOUSE ELECTRIC AND MANUFACTURING COMPANY, LIMITED, A. COMPANY 0F GREAT BRITAIN.

STEAM TURBINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

viatemmi Een. 7, 1922.

Original application filed October 4, 1916, Serial No. 123,697. Divided and this application led ugust 17, 1920. Serial No. 404,147.

`and useful Improvement in or Relating to Steam Turbines, of which the following is a specification, this .application being a division of my application' filed Oct. 4, 1916, Serial No. 123,697, and renewed Jan. 20, 1921, Serial No. 438,7 60.

This invention relates to steam turbines of the'axial flow type, and although not limited in this respect, is Vespecially applicable to turbines of this type vin which the steam is led away to the exhaust outlet of the' turbine from a plurality of rows of moving blades. It is one of the objects of this invention to provide an improved construction of tur-V exhaust blades outwardly into an approxibine v exhaust casing by means of, which the exhaust steam is conducted from the last row of moving or` exhaust blades, or where there is more than one row, from some or all the rows of exhaust blades, to tlie'exhaust outlet or outlets or the condenser or condensers.

Another object of the invention is soto improve the construction of the exhaust casing of a turbine that the steam leaving the turbine is uniformly distributed over a large area of the condensing surface of the condenser. In the case of a surface condenser for example, the steam may be distributed over the greater part, in some cases sub-v stantially the whole of the perimeter of the tube nest. In this way the utilization of the condensing surface of the condenser to the greatest possible advantage is ensured.

A further object of the invention is to increase thestrength andrigidity of the exhaust casing so that the turbine may be supported on its foundations from the two endsonly of the exhaust casing. With turbines having :large exhaust outlets, as at present constructed, it is generall found necessary to support the turbine not only froml the Yends but also partly from both slides necessitating the employment 'ofa bed-plate supported on girders between the two main foundation blocks. With la lturbine having its exhaust casing constructedv `in accordance with thepresent invention a complete bed-plate is unnecessary plates on foundations provided for the ends only of the exhaust casing. With the'imcases advantageously be suspen edI direct from the turbine exhaustl no other support therefor being provided, and in this way the use of expansion pieces between the turbine and the condenser is obviated. In some cases, however,.the condenser may in addition be provided with a resilient support. Still lanother object of the invention is to reduce the cost of the construction of the exhaust casing of turbines in which the steam is led awayto the exhaust from Aa plurality of rows of moving blades.

In a turbine exhaust casingconstructed in accordance with this vinvention a `suitably curved guide or guides are-provided which defiect the whole of the steam leaving the been deflected by the guide or guides afore mentioned into an approximately --radial direction of flow, to the exhaust outlet or outlets 'o f the turbine or to the condenser l or condensers outwardly in a direction substantially transverse to and away from the turbine axis. -Guide walls are preferably also provided which divide thesteam leaving one or more rowsof moving` exhaust blades into separate segmental port1ons.

Said guide walls -in conjunction withthe enclosing walls' of the exhaust casing of the turbinefform passages which conduct the several segmental portions of steam to the exhaust outlet. oroutlets of the turbine or to the condenser'or condensers where more than one is used.

In the drawings, Fig. 1 is a View, partly.

in section and partly in elevation, of4 a turbine installation including a turbine of the multiple exhaust type with my improvement applied thereto; Fig. 2 is a view partly in end elevation 'and artly in section along the line II-II of ig. 1 viewed from the right; Fig. 3 is a plan view of the apparatus shown in Fig; 1; Fig. 4 is a'lon'gitudinal sectional vview of a turbine cylinder showing a modified form of my improvement applied thereto; Fig. 5 is a plan view of a portion of the lower of gylin;

along the line VIII-VIII of Fig. 7; Figl- 9 is an half t lan view of the apparatus shown in Flg.

, and Fig. 10 is an half sec-` "tional view taken along the line X-X of Fi 7. l A

eferring now to the drawings for a more 'detailed description of my invention, I

show an axial-flow turbine wherein the elastic fluid or steam is led away to a condenser frm a plurality of rows of moving exhaust blades. v The4 turbine includes a cylinder 1, a shaft 2, and an exhaust cas ling 3, the shaft being supported in4 bearings L and 4a. The bearings are carried by alsl vvarea of ,the movinK' blades 8 and from the I' -the row of'moving blades 8 will be suitable pedestals supported by the foundations 5 as may be seen from ig. 1, or one of the bearings may be 'supported by the exhaust casing structure, as may beseen from Fig. 4. The exhaust-'casing is supported upon the foundations 5 by means of feet 13 and 14, the latter being preferably vprovided with strengtheningribs 15.

One way in which the invention may be applied to a turbine of this description is illustrated in Figs. 1, 2f `d 3.' In Fi 1 steam flows to the exha y from the wlole upper portions of' t e rows of moving blades l8b 8 and 8d. The, curved guide which changes the direction ofthe flow ofvsteam leaving the final row of movin bladesV 8 is constituted by -a portion 10 of t e rear Wall of the exhaust casing. 3 of the turbine. Curved guides for changing the ldirection of steam flowing from rows of moving blades 8b 8c and 8d are constituted' partly by the outer walls or 'shroudings 17, 18 and 19 respectively ofthe rows ofjstationary guide blades 20, 21and 22, which are held in position by lugs 26 in the guide walls 1'1, and partly by' Acurved guides 23, 24 and25r also supported in the position shown by the 'guide walls 11. The guides 23, 24 andl l 5 are curved and flaring as shown and will seen to resemble somewhat in shape the bell of a trumpet.

With this construction the steam eavin'g y eflected by the curved portlon 10`of the rear wall of the exhaust casin from an- 'axial into an approximately radia direction.. The steam leavlng the outer rtion of the row of blades 8b will be de ected by the shrouding 17 and curved ide 23 .from an axial into an approximate y .radial direction of flow whilst thest'eam leaving the outerportions f the OWS of movingbladefsc and sd will V`.bedelected respectively by the shroudings 18 and 19 and curvedlguides 211 and 25 into l a similar direction of The steam leavin all the rows of blades 8, 8b, 8c, and 8d is divided circumferentially into segmental portions by the guide walls .11 and conducted awayto the exhaust outlet 6 of the turbine, at which pointas will be blades being omitted. As inI the turbine illustratedrin Figs. 1, 2 and 3, the steam in the turbine shown in Figs 4:, 5 and 6, passes from four separate rows of lmovingblades to the exhaust. 'Curved `guides 23 and 25 as shown in Fig. l are, however, not provided, only the centralv guide ,24' being ref tained.y 'If desired, however', the guide 24 may also be omitted.l

The'exhaust casing is increased in width as it approaches the exhaust outlet'6 and is also increased in length towards the-exhaust outlet, enabling the width of the casingtto be still Vfurther reducedwhilst at ythe saine time providing passages of suitable,- Apreii erably increasing, area for the steam on its wayto the condenser. The lower half of the exhaust casingis, for convenience in' manufacturing, preferably constructed in three portions as shown, `a middle portion 27 and two outer portions 28 and 29; The curved guide-l24 is extended some distance along the passages formed by the exhaust casing and the, guidelwalls 1-1 and additional Stiii'ening webs 30 are provided in the outer end portions 28, 29 of the casing. The supporting feet 14.also provide vthe necessary support' for the bearing 46 atl the exhaust end of the v turbine, as the' bearing is carried by the casing, 'thus obviating thenecessity of providing a separate pedestal for this purpose. The supporting feet 13 are continued under and formed-.integrally with the lower portion of the turbine cylinder as clearly .seen in Figures 4 and 5. The supporting vfeet 13 are not, however, connected to any portion. of the turbine cylinder, subjected to high temperatures in order tovavoid excessive expansion of said Reet which might tend to throw the cylinder out of luie with the turnected with the bearing pedestal by an extension of the lower half of the cylinder so as toensure said overhung portion of the cylinder being maintained central with the turbine shaft.

The passageswhich conduct the segmentally divided portions of steam from the rows of exhaust blading to the exhaust out-y let or the condenser may be constructed and arranged in various ways as may be found.

most desirable. Various factors will determine which is the most advantageous wa in which such passages shouldbe arrang For instance, one factor to be considered is the shape and dimensions of the condenser as it is desirable, as hereinbefore stated, so

to arrange the exhaust outlet of the turbine that the steam may be distributed as uniformly asfpossible over the greatest possible area of the condensingsurface. In vsome cases it willbe Yfound beneficial to increase `the length rather than the width of the pas'- `sages, and also to extend the passages in a 1 which will reduce the width of the exhaust outlet and enable a compact outlet to be arranged.

In the case of a turbine having three or four separate rows of moving exhaust blades, the passages conducting the steam from the final row of exhaust blades may be so arranged that when they reach the exhaust outlet they are more or less centrally located at the rear end ofjthe outlet, whilst Athe passages conducting the steam away from theearlier and penultimate rows of exhaust blades maybe arranged at the exhaust outlet in various ways in front of and at both sides of the first mentioned exhaust passages.

In a multiple exhaust turbine of the kind hereinbefore. mentioned one of the types of exhaust casing heretofore 'usualy adopted may be utilized to conduct away-'the steam flowing from the final vrow of exhaust blading, the steam flowing from the earlier rows of exhaust vbladingbeing conducted away by .an exhaust constructed in accordance with the present invention. v A multiple exhaust turbine having an exhaust casing consisting oa combination of the two types above mentioned 5is shown in Figs. 7 to 10.4 In the arrangement illustrated in these figures the steam rom the upper half of the final row of moving exhaust blades 8 is led away through the passage 31, and the steam from the lower half of the exhaust casing, the diaphragm 33, the curved guide 23 and an additional internal division wall 34, which is a continuation of and the guide walls 11 in the manner hereinbefore described with reference to Figs. l to 3. Inthe arrangement described in Figs. 7 to 10 itwill be observedthat a less number of guide walls 11 is employed than is provided in vthe construction shown in Figs. 1 to 3, and these form passages which terminate in exhaust outlets arranged as shown in Fig.. l10. The steam from the lower portions of' the rows of exhaust blades 8", 8c, and 8d flows through the passages 35, 36 and 37 respectively. The steam from the upper portions of these rows of blades flows through the passages 38 whilst the steam from the remaining portions of' these rows of blades flows throughthepassages 39 to the exhaust. As Fig. 9 is a half plan only and Fig. 1() a half section it will be understood that passagesv .corresponding to the passages 31, 32 and 35 to 39 inclusive are located inthe other half of the exhaust casing not shown.

Fromthe construction illustrated'in these figures it vwill be seen that an exhaust outlet is provided of` a very compact shape.

It should be understood that the diaphragm 33 may, if desired, be omitted and will of course not exist when an exhaust the purpose of strengthening the construe! tionzof the exhaust casing so thatthe support of the turbine may be simplified and the condenser or condensers hung directly from the exhaust casing, additional stiffening webs maybe added, such for instance as the ,webs 30 (see Figs. 5, 6, and 10), care being taken that they are so shaped and located that they do not interfere with the flow of' steam.

Inv order that theexhaust casing near its outlet may have the maximum strength and rigidity the several passages therein are preferably so arranged and located with respect to one another that the`walls forming the several passa-ges are so far as posthe turbine is supported y.at the ends onlyv sible continuatioiis one of the other. Where Of therxhaust casing the 'guide walls con-v 130 ducting away the segmental portions of steam should be continuations one of the other. In some cases it may be desired to support the turbine by feet located at the sides only or at the sides as well as at the ends of the exhaust casing. In such cases While I have shown my invention in ay `plurality of forms, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that it is not so limited,

but is susceptible of various other lchanges and modifications without departing from the spirit thereof,l and I desire, therefore,

that only such limitations shall be placed thereupon as are imposed by the prior art ,or as are specifically set forth in the appended claims.

vWhat I claim is:

1. A low-pressure section for an elasticfluid turbine comprising a plurality of rows of moving exhaust blades, means for changing the direction of flow of the elastic fluid from the direction vin which it flows ybetween the blades,` and means for segmentally dividing the elastic Huid discharged froml said blades into a plurality of portionsand conducting it away in separate streams.

2. In an elastic-fluid turbine, a low-pressure section comprising a plurality of rows of moving exhaust blades, an exhaust 'casing having an exhaust outlet. and including means for changing the direction of flow of elastic fluid discharged from said blades from an axial to approximately 'a radial direction and means for segmentally dividing the elastic fluid discharged from'said blades into a plurality of portions and for guiding the portions for discharge from the outlet in a like direction.

3. In combination with an axial-flow turbine having a pulrality of rows of moving exhaust blades, an exhaust casing having a plurality of circumferentially extend- 7 ying guidingsurfaces for directing the fluid i sociated. with said rows of blades for leaddischarged from said rows from an axial to approximately a radial direction of flow, and a plurality of artitions -within said casing for dividing t e fluid 'passing therethrough into'a plurality of segmental portions.

4. In a power-plant installation, the combination with a condenser, of an axial-flow turbine including a low-pressure section having ajplurality of rows'of moving exhaust blades and a plurality of passages asing exhaust elastic fluid to and distributing it along the condenser.

5. In a power-plant installatiomthe combinatlon of an axial-flow turbine and a condenser, said turbine including a\ low-pressure section having a plurality of exhaust i blades, means for changing the direction of flow of elastic fiuid discharged from said exhaust-blades from an axial .to approximately a radial direction, andmeans for segmentally dividing the elastic fluid". discharged from said rows of blades and `for distributing the exhausted elastic fluid along the condenser.

6. In a power-plant installation, vthe combination with a condenser of the surface" type, of an axial-How turbine having its axis extending transversely tothe major axis of the condenser and 4including a plurality of moving rows of exhaust blades and means for changing the direction of flow of elastic fluid discharged from each of said nows from an axial to approximately a radialdirection, fordividing the elastic dishaust casing from themoving'blades, means carried by the stationary blades andthe exhaust casing for changing the direction of flow of each annular portion from an axial tolapproximately a radial direction, and a plurality of partitions carried. by the ex-l' haust casing for dividing the radially-flowing annular portions into segmental portions.

8'. In an axial-flow turbine, the combinaa plurality of/ tion of an exhaust casing having an exhaust outlet, a plurality of rows 'of stationaryand moving blades in which 'the steam' is divided into a4 plurality of. annular portions for discharge to the exhaust casing from the moving blades, circumferentially exi tending lmeans carried by the stationary blades and by the exhaust casing for chang- `ing the direction of flow of each annular portion except the last from. an axial to approximately a radial direction, said cas- 111g having means for changing in a like;

manner the direction of flow of the annular portion of steam discharged from the last row of moving blades, curved partitions' carried by the casing for .dividing the radiallyflowing annular portions into segmental portions, for maintaining the latter in separate streams, and lfor controlling the direction offlow thereof so that all of said' portions pass from the outlet in a like di'- recti-on.

9. In an axial-flow turbine, the combination of. an exhaust casing having an outlet,

a plurality of roWsof moving blades dis-v haust discharged from said moving rows of blades from an axial to approximately a radial direction, curved partition means carried by said casing for segmentally dividing the i'adiallyaflowing steam, maintaining the divisions in-separate streams, and for controlling the direction of flow so that the steam is discharged in a like direction with the discharge streams of the last roWl of blades arranged centrally and at the rear of the outlet and the dischargel streams of the other rows arranged at the 15 sides and in front of the last row discharge streams at the outlet.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my name this twenty second day of June, 1920.

KARLl BAUMANN. 

